2018年11月26日是人类历史上一个重要的时点,从贺建奎教授宣布人类第一例基因编辑婴儿已经正常诞生开始,从这一天开始人类的进化不再遵循自然选择的法则,而是开始了另外的一个进化路径—人工进化。潘多拉魔盒已经打开,霍金教授的预言已经变成现实。
从技术上讲,CRISPR技术不是创新技术,但是基于伦理,没有任何一个国家,采用CRISPR技术对人类的生殖细胞进行编辑,而且违反相关规定,将编辑的基因植入子宫,直至基因编辑婴儿诞生,彻底的打破了人类伦理的底线。
贺建奎人工编辑婴儿实验消息一经放出,世界各国科学家便开始谴责,国内知名的生物学、医学科学的专家,律师联名发表声明谴责贺建奎的所作所为。
CRISPR技术的发明人,麻省理工大学的Feng Zhang 呼吁立即禁止基因编辑婴儿。并发表申明,全文如下:
Although I appreciate the global threat posed by HIV, at this stage, the risks of editing embryos to knock out CCR5 seem to outweigh the potential benefits, not to mention that knocking out of CCR5 will likely render a person much more susceptible for West Nile Virus. Just as important, there are already common and highly-effective methods to prevent transmission of HIV from a parent to an unborn child.
Given the current state of the technology, I am in favor of a moratorium on implantation of edited embryos, which seems to be the intention of the CCR5 trial, until we have come up with a thoughtful set of safety requirements first.
Not only do I see this as risky, but I am also deeply concerned about the lack of transparency surrounding this trial. All medical advances, gene editing or otherwise and particularly those that impact vulnerable populations, should be cautiously and thoughtfully tested, discussed openly with patients, physicians, scientists, and other community members, and implemented in an equitable way.
In 2015, the international research community said it would be irresponsible to proceed with any germline editing without “broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the proposed application.” (This was the consensus statement from the 2015 International Summit on Human Gene Editing.)
It is my hope that the upcoming summit will serve as a forum for deeper conversations about the implications of this news and provide guidance on how we as a global society can best benefit from gene editing.
从Feng Zhang的申明来看,他倾向于禁止植入基因编辑的胚胎(moratorium on implantation of edited embryos),但是对于已经出生的婴儿应该怎么办,所有的机构都没有明确的答复,这个是贺建奎教授留给世界的一个道德、伦理、法律、医学、生物学上的最大难题。其一、基因编辑人是什么?是否基因编辑人具有正常人类的一切权利?其二、是否可以禁止基因编辑婴儿的生长(moratorium on bring up gen edited baby)? 如果可以,是否是故意谋杀?其三、是否能够让其与正常人类杂交,如果能,后续的分险是什么?
我们的时代是个奇怪的时代,人类的进化是否已经到了一个关键的时点上,似乎自然进化已经不能满足需求了,采用基因技术,人工植入芯片扩张人脑的功能等,似乎展现出为了人类进化加速的步伐,其中一些非常危险的技术,如基因技术,其实是极有可能导致人类灭绝的,应该得到最高级别的管辖,否则,潘多拉魔盒一旦打开,后果不堪设想。