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吸烟导致慢性肺阻| 远景管理咨询工作室

吸烟导致慢性肺阻

吸烟对身体最为直接的影响是出现咳嗽、呼吸不畅、气喘等呼吸道症状,这种症状如影随形的伴随着吸烟者。尤其是在冬天严冬时节,吸烟者肺气肿、支气管炎发作的几率大大提高,不断的出现咳嗽、吐痰等症状。

从国外流行病学的研究历程来看,十九世纪五十年代,慢性呼吸道疾病的发病率与死亡率上升,促使了临床医学与流行病学对慢性支气管炎与肺气肿等呼吸系统疾病的病因的研究关注。

在大量的呼吸系统流行病学、临床医学研究案例的基础上,1964年美国卫生总署对吸烟与肺部疾病的因果关系有如下结论:“在美国吸烟是最为重要的导致慢性支气管炎和肺气肿的原因,并且导致了慢性支气管炎和肺气肿死亡率的上升。”

在随后的几十年的研究过程中,有关吸烟导致慢性阻塞性肺炎的病理学、流行病学与临床学的证据不断增加,就吸烟是否是阻塞性肺炎的致病原因的结论在不断加强。

1979年美国卫生总署的报告认为,吸烟者比非吸烟者慢性支气管炎和肺气肿的发病率与死亡率高,尸检发现吸烟者的肺部被严重的损坏,并且引入了蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶的假说来解释吸烟导致肺气肿的原因。 随着证据的积累,在1984年美国卫生总署的报告中,对吸烟导致慢性阻塞性肺炎的结论如下:“在美国,吸烟是导致男性和女性慢性阻塞性肺炎的重要原因,吸烟导致慢性阻塞性肺炎的发病率与死亡率超过其他一切因素的贡献度。”

作者: 远景顾问

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