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数字化转型是什么 | 远景管理咨询工作室

数字化转型是什么

随着技术的发展,从二十世纪初期到现在,经过几十年的发展,以计算机技术为代表的智能技术已经深刻的改变了世界。数字化转型其实很早已经开始,只是到现在随着技术的发展,数字化转型开始加速,并在更为深刻与广泛的影响人们的生产生活与行为。

混合工作已经成为现实。在现代化的工厂中,人类的工作人员必须与机器人及其他智能产品协作,才能完成工作任务。互联网技术与移动互联网技术的发展,手机与智能穿戴产品已经渗透到人类生活的方方面面,现在地铁上公交车上全是看着手机的低头族。疫情来袭,国内外很多企业开始居家办公,对雇员的数字化基本能力提出了新的要求。为了应对疫情,国家开始使用大数据工具进行疫情管控,催生了大数据的、人工智能与机器学习的发展。疫情促使了国家与企业的数字化转型。

看来数字化转型已经扑面而来,但是究竟什么是数字化转型,不同的学者、企业有不同的看法与观点。国外的学者开始对数字化转型进行理论研究,如Gardien等人2014年对数字化的描述:“随着20世纪之交,发达工业经济体的社会发展了一个共同的愿望,即通过获得满足功能需的,并提供所有权自豪感的产品来实现生活现代化。”国外有的学者如Hanna (2016),对数字转型的定义为:“利用ICT革命的全部潜力,为经济和社会带来深刻的结构性变化”。

数字化转型伴随着结构性的改变,其基本特征可以用英文的4个D来描述,包括数字化(digitization),非物质化(dematerialization)、非货币化(demonetization)、民主化(democratization)和中断(disruption)。

对于中断,数字化转型不仅仅是采用数字技术,而是使用和嵌入数字技术组织过程、产品或服务,是对现有成熟系统、文化与组织的挑战。根据Telegescu(2018)的说法,当前社会正处于一个新的工业革命时代,但这一次的产出是无形的,它是无形的——或者说是数字的。新的数字服务,从自动化到物联网(IoT)从云服务到共享应用程序,为效率和增长提供机会。通过理解三个主要维度之间的联系,在人力、技术和组织方面,“小想法可以在很短的时间内变大”。这一点已经被字节跳动、拼多多、共享单车等的快速崛起所证实。民主化,表现在决策链条的缩短与扁平化,通过智能化的分析与预测,企业管理更加实现了扁平化。 也许数字化转型早已经开始,到疫情来袭开加速,数字化技术的飞速发展,最终将彻底影响到国家、企业组织的持续竞争力,影响到全人类的可持续性发展,影响到每个人的未来,需要国家、企业及早进行政策性的、战略的规划与调整。

作者: 远景顾问

Business consultant, focus on improving people, process and performance.

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