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什么是复吸 | 远景管理咨询工作室

什么是复吸

在戒烟状态与回复到规律性吸烟者有个分水岭,这个分水岭就是复吸。根据美国大范围的研究发现,尼古丁上瘾与其他毒品上瘾一样,在戒断的过程中会发生复吸的情况。戒烟者很少有不发生复吸而直接戒烟成功的。有的戒烟者发生复吸就自暴自弃,再次成为规律性的吸烟者。因此,戒烟者正确认识与应对复吸的危害性,对戒烟成功具有重要意义。

吸烟者下定决心开始戒烟,戒烟持续一段时间后,遇到高度压力、情绪抑郁等,从不吸烟到开始再次吸烟,从一支烟到规律性的吸烟,这个过程就是复吸。通常来说,尼烟草的复吸是指在戒断烟草之后一定时间之后重新开始使用烟草制品的情况。学术界对复吸的定义与标准存在一定争议。因此,不同的文献中对戒断、复吸的定义不一样。

美国癌症协会、心血管协会等权威机构推荐对复吸的相关定义为:持续24小时戒烟定义为最初戒烟。持续一年及以上不使用任何烟草制品认定为成功戒烟。开小差是指持续戒烟者不超过连续六天,并且中间存在至少24小时的戒烟。复吸是指戒烟之后,超过连续六天吸烟。

从与复吸的定义来看,戒烟是个复杂的动态过程。吸烟者成功戒烟达到24小时就被认定为最初戒烟成功,没有达到24小时就被认定为持续吸烟。24小时之后,可能由于可怕的戒断症状,在连续六天里面可能出现吸烟的情况,但是只要在连续的六天中,有一天处于戒烟状态,就被认定为只是在戒烟的革命道路上开小差。当戒烟者连续六天都在吸烟,则这时戒烟者就成为复吸者了。

据美国的研究结果,尼古丁成瘾戒断的复吸率非常高。三个月的复吸率高达70%左右,一年的复吸率高达80%左右,六年的复吸率高达90%左右。在烟草的轮回中,复吸与持续戒烟是两个完全不同的出口,持续戒烟通往彻底摆脱尼古丁的迷宫的出口,而复吸则是通道尼古丁烟瘾更深陷阱的道路。而两条路之间的选择就在一瞬间、一个念头与一个想法,最终导致的结果完全不一样。

复吸并不可怕,可怕的是直接在尼古丁面前躺平,自暴自弃,直接回归吸烟者的队伍,并且开始为自己的复吸行为找借口,从而在吸烟的道路上越走越远,以至于,最终危害到 自己的他人的生命健康与安全。

作者: 远景顾问

Business consultant, focus on improving people, process and performance.

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