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OD组织发展之—人际过程的介入技术(Human Process Intervention) | 远景管理咨询工作室

OD组织发展之—人际过程的介入技术(Human Process Intervention)

传统的OD介入干预技术更为重视组织中个人的发展,在Lewin提出其行为理论,及组织中个人的行为受到人格及环境的双重影响,按照Lewin的说法:“与其试图改变个体,不如永久改变可能影响个体行为的要素。”最近许多OD实践者发现,在将注意力集中在组织系统的变革时,个体发展应当给予的关注受到了影响,现在是重新思考在系统性组织变革的同时,给予个体更多关注的时候了。个体层面的介入干预主要有以下三种,培训,导师及教练。无论采用什么方法,个体的发展会出现在以下三个领域:工作内容领域,职能领域与适应性领域。工作内容领域是与某项工作直接相关,其能力的高低可以通过观察直接获得,是履行职责所需的技能。职能领域包括一些隐性的能力要素,如倾听、冲突管理、决策等;适应性层面是知觉层面的,个体积极主动的自我认知与提高的能力。 个体层面的介入技术中T-group是至今沿用的OD有力工具,其目的在于为参与者提供审视自身交流方式、价值等重要问题的机会,通过训练有素顾问的引导,T-group能够成为强大的个体发展工具,组织有效的T-group应当遵循以下的原则,让参与者有明确的参与目标;创造一种发现的氛围,而不是只简单的告诉或呈现;作为训练者与促进者,尽量减小你的作用,让参与者更多的发挥作用;创造一种支持性的氛围,而不是防御性的。导师与教练更适合组织内部的人员来承担。导师制在组织中得到了广泛的认可,在领导力发展、高绩效员工保留、减少培训成本等方面具有重要作用。导师集中注意在学员的职业发展,但在设计良好的导师体系中,由于导师给学员提供有价值的、个人发展方向性的反馈,使学员在适应性层面得到提高。教练是一种专业关系,以帮助人员在生活、事业及商业上取得巨大成就的过程。有两种教练路径,一种是从消极面出发,进行差距分析,明确需要努力的方向,进而提高被教练者缺失的能力,另一种是从积极面出发,采用肯定式询问(Appreciative Inquiry)的方法,在使用肯定式询问简单的几个步骤就能使被教练者的意识从过去状态延伸到未来。这几个步骤为:1、发现。发现被教练者过去成功的经验及对未来特定情境的认知;2、梦想。在过去成功经验的基础上,明确对未来的梦想;3、界定。由双方共同界定需要调整的行为。4、设计。设计具体的计划,保证实现双方共同发现的梦想。5、执行。开始教练过程,帮助被教练者实现梦想,并对教练关系投入巨大的精力。
在个体发展介入技术中,无论采用哪种方法,对个体发展状况的反馈是非常重要的,只有通过反馈,个体才能及时调整心态、努力方向,以最终实现个体发展目标。反馈与沟通是双向的,这就要求双方不断提高交流沟通的能力,保证个体发展计划的顺利实现。

作者: 远景顾问

Business consultant, focus on improving people, process and performance.

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